Age of Great Chinese Dragon: Supercomputer Centers and High Performance Computing
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
87-94
Received:
18 August 2019
Accepted:
21 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: Author describes Chinese supercomputer centers and networks. There are currently five National Supercomputing Centers in China, which are established in Tianjin, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Jinan, and Chang-Sha. These cities were selected as pilot ones for conducting an experiment on the development of the cloud computing services market. The directions of evolutionary and innovative development of exaflops supercomputers are highlighted in Pacific region. The evolutionary approach is the simplest and allows you to quickly get the result, but the created supercomputer of this type will be effective only when solving a narrow class of problems and have low energy efficiency. An innovative approach involves basic research and the development of innovative technologies, which is much more complicated and requires more time. Innovative technologies for the development of exaflops supercomputers, due to the stringent requirements of energy efficiency and productivity efficiency, have much in common with technologies for creating highly efficient on-board and embedded systems. These technologies are called exascale, they should provide the ability to create single-board on-board supercomputers of the teraflops level and single-rack supercomputers of the petaflops level of performance. The main problems of creating exaflops (exascale) systems: increasing the overall performance of the system by three orders of magnitude while weakening the influence of Moore's law on the performance of an individual processor core; minimization of energy losses and performance losses associated with data access, information transfer at all levels of the supercomputer hierarchy and data storage.
Abstract: Author describes Chinese supercomputer centers and networks. There are currently five National Supercomputing Centers in China, which are established in Tianjin, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Jinan, and Chang-Sha. These cities were selected as pilot ones for conducting an experiment on the development of the cloud computing services market. The directions of...
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China Net: Military and Special Supercomputer Centers
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
95-100
Received:
18 August 2019
Accepted:
23 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: Author describes military and special supercomputer centers and networks by example CT-2. Work on highly productive and promising SC with a globally addressable memory and multi-thread architecture is carried out within the framework of the CT-2 project. The eponymous supercomputer belongs to the class of strategic supercomputers. The code name used is CT-2 (full name Qin Tao -2) - this is the idiom in the Chinese name “The main project in the interests of special studies of military intelligence of the Ministry of Defense of China”. Due to using of massive multi-thread streaming architecture increased tolerance to delays in performing operations with memory and the network, effectively support working with program models in the form of static graphs of data flows. Because of this, it will successfully cope with the processing in real time of multiple data streams and work effectively through a single address space with a huge memory capacity of several tens of petabytes, even in the mode of intensive irregular work with it, it will have exceptional fault tolerance and availability. The amount of available memory for the user program is 32PB, the physical memory is 64PB, which is done for hot standby. According to information received in 2011, the initially massive multi-thread microprocessor CT-2 with asynchronous threads for information systems has also become hybrid, it has enhanced numerical processing power - SIMD operations on short vectors have been introduced, as well as elements of modern graphic processors in the form of synchronous threads.
Abstract: Author describes military and special supercomputer centers and networks by example CT-2. Work on highly productive and promising SC with a globally addressable memory and multi-thread architecture is carried out within the framework of the CT-2 project. The eponymous supercomputer belongs to the class of strategic supercomputers. The code name use...
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