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Thermal Design of an MCM with the Implanted Temperature Sensor
Wang Shun Shen Peter,
Wang Yin Tien,
Chao Chong Lii,
Yang Wei Bin,
Wu Chyan Chyi,
Lee Tzung Hang
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
39-46
Received:
16 February 2022
Accepted:
25 February 2022
Published:
4 March 2022
Abstract: Since the debut of Multi-chip Modules (MCM), many research and development works have brought the technology from the physical design, test to mass production, but still lacking thermal data to support the schematic designs; especially in the area of thermal design related junction temperature. This method proposes a new approach to implant the temperature sensor into the MCM thus to sense the substrate and to probe the junction temperature. Further, to explore the possibility of using the IEEE1149.7 based cJTAG of the function test in conjunction of the IEEE1149.1 based boundary scan test coherently. This method is to activate a pair of I2C bus as per SCL/SDA lines and to drive and sense the master chip in response of its slave chip. The test platform used in this proposal is to apply the JTAG Technologies based Provision and Core-commander test systems, both of which working together to trouble-shooting and debugging. This is accomplished through manipulating the core logic of the customized IP code amid the Python functions in order to retract the temperature reading from the sensor via the I2C bus. Both JTAG and cJTAG use the common netlist and BSDL files (Boundary Scan Descriptive Language) to generate the test files and firmware coding through the JTAG’s Test Access Port (TAP). The formula implemented here has its theoretic roots in a function of the resistance networks which equal to the temperature difference over the the heat flow. This development work uses the high-level GUI language from the core-commander to instruct the Python based functional calls invoking the device drivers, and that has greatly simplified the complex electronic designs with reduced programming, and this exercise has obtained the junction temperature presumably at 71 degrees C on the threshold of temperature gradients, and it’s one step closer towards the case temperature from the thermal management point of view.
Abstract: Since the debut of Multi-chip Modules (MCM), many research and development works have brought the technology from the physical design, test to mass production, but still lacking thermal data to support the schematic designs; especially in the area of thermal design related junction temperature. This method proposes a new approach to implant the tem...
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Development of Low-Cost Prototype N2 Laser System and Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Pyranine
Muddasir Naeem,
Tayyab Imran,
Rabiya Munawar,
Arshad Saleem Bhatti
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
47-56
Received:
19 February 2022
Accepted:
14 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: This work aims to a detailed description of the development of a prototype Transversely Excited Atmospheric (TEA) nitrogen laser and its high-tension electrical pump source, along with its application study of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF). The high-tension pump source is designed and simulated by using NI Multisim to study the voltage behavior at different points. The high-tension pump source is constructed using the flyback transformer. The open-air laser cavity is designed and simulated by using Zemax Optic Studio. Blumlein transmission line equivalent of nitrogen laser is designed in NI Multisim, voltage and current behavior across laser cavity and spark gap are simulated. The air is used as a lasing medium, as it contains 78% molecular nitrogen. The L-shaped electrodes are used as a cavity in the construction of this N2 laser system. An ignition system in the form of the low inductance spark gap is built using the two bolts. Generally, the current passes through gas either by transverse or longitudinal discharge; in this work, the transverse discharge technique is used. Nitrogen laser produces a beam with a center wavelength of 337.1nm. Laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of the Pyranine is taken which shows its fluorescence in the green region with a maximum peak at the wavelength of 567.5nm. Pyranine is made up of a mixture of C16H7Na3O10S3 so some other peaks can also be seen in the fluorescence spectrum with low intensity.
Abstract: This work aims to a detailed description of the development of a prototype Transversely Excited Atmospheric (TEA) nitrogen laser and its high-tension electrical pump source, along with its application study of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF). The high-tension pump source is designed and simulated by using NI Multisim to study the voltage behavior ...
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Development of Correction Schemes of Temperature Errors in the Moisture Meter Transformer with Cylindrical Electrodes
Nasirov Tulkun Zakirovich,
Jabborov Khamdam Shaymardonovich
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
57-63
Received:
8 March 2022
Accepted:
29 March 2022
Published:
8 April 2022
Abstract: The aim of carried out investigations is the analysis of different correction errors circuits of temperature in the moisture transformer with a cylindrical electrode in point of view increasing the measurements accuracy of grain and grain products moisture. Improving the measurement accuracy in the moisture transformer using functionality, constructive manufacturability and linearity of static characteristics ensure methods is realized. At the same time, a multiplier correction circuit, a circuit with a high degree of correction, and an additive logo metric circuit, which can also be used in other capacitive transformers, have been considered. The dependence of the reactive resistance of cylindrical transformer on the bulk materials capacity has been obtained experimentally. It has been shown that the reactive resistance is decreased sharply when the bulk materials capacity reaches the value 2 pF. Further, it is decreasing slowly on the capacity that demonstrates the change of the transformer sensitivity too. The functional dependence of capacity moisture transformer with cylindrical electrode sensitivity on the reactive resistance has been studied. It has been revealed that when the reactive resistance of the cylindrical transformer is growing then its sensitivity is decreasing. The maximal cylindrical transformer sensitivity reaches when the reactive resistance equals to rm=0.5×104 Ohm which corresponds to maximal change of the bulk materials capacity. The dependence of the cylindrical transformer reliability for bulk materials on the middle working time without failure has been studied. The carried out analysis showed that the reliability of cylindrical transformer is decreasing on the using time and in the initial working exploitation stage of the transformer essential interaction of heating and electric effects in the device leads to decreasing the reliability down to value 0.3.
Abstract: The aim of carried out investigations is the analysis of different correction errors circuits of temperature in the moisture transformer with a cylindrical electrode in point of view increasing the measurements accuracy of grain and grain products moisture. Improving the measurement accuracy in the moisture transformer using functionality, construc...
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Bending Induced Temperature Increases in Double-Clad Fibers for High-Power Fiber Lasers
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
64-70
Received:
13 March 2022
Accepted:
29 March 2022
Published:
9 April 2022
Abstract: Rare-earth-doped optical fibers are one of the most promising solid-state lasers. In these fiber lasers, a cladding-pumping scheme using large-mode-area double-clad fibers (DCFs) is utilized to increase the overall conversion efficiency of pumping light and to overcome the restriction owing to the onset of stimulated Raman scattering. On the other hand, it is extremely challenging to increase the fiber core size while retaining the excellent beam quality because fibers with large core size allow propagation of several higher-order modes (HOMs), except for the fundamental mode (FM). In order to suppress HOMs, DCFs are bent with a relatively small bend radius. Failures at bends in an optical fiber are caused by light leaking from the core when the fiber is accidentally bent tightly with a high power input. For the DCFs with core radii of 10 and 20 mm, the relationship between the bending induced temperature increases and the bend losses in the bent DCFs was investigated theoretically by the explicit finite-difference method using the thermochemical SiOx production model. The temperature at the boundary between the inner and outer cladding layers increased with increasing optical power P at 1.080 mm and was a large value higher than the softening temperature Ts of the silica glass when P = 5 kW was entered to the bent DCF with a bend radius R of 150 mm and a core radius of 10 mm. On the other hand, the temperature at the boundary was a small value lower than the Ts when P = 10 kW was entered to the bent DCF with a large R of 245-275 mm. Furthermore, it was found that the initiation of the fiber fuse was fairly easy under a certain conditions where the temperature at the boundary was higher than the Ts.
Abstract: Rare-earth-doped optical fibers are one of the most promising solid-state lasers. In these fiber lasers, a cladding-pumping scheme using large-mode-area double-clad fibers (DCFs) is utilized to increase the overall conversion efficiency of pumping light and to overcome the restriction owing to the onset of stimulated Raman scattering. On the other ...
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