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Renewable Energy Systems: Technologies and Applications for Future Electric Grid
Saravanan Vasudevan,
Arumugam Murugesan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-6
Received:
1 March 2017
Published:
3 March 2017
Abstract: Renewable energies can substantially improve the increasing energy demands and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. It also provides direct and indirect social benefits such as reducing the health and environmental impacts associated with the use of fossil and nuclear fuels, thereby improving standard of living, educational opportunities, creating jobs, reducing poverty, increasing gender equality and ensures energy security. Hybrid renewable energy systems comprising of solar and wind will be effective for efficient power generation, in spite of variability, intermittency and other grid related issues. Prospects and insights of solar photovoltaic and wind energy systems will be discussed by analyzing information reported in various literatures, government and international renewable energy agencies. Also policies and initiatives related to hybrid energy systems concerning environment and economy will be addressed. The progressive path for renewable energy development will be suggested through increased use of renewable energy generation with enhanced reliability, security and resiliency of the future electric grid.
Abstract: Renewable energies can substantially improve the increasing energy demands and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. It also provides direct and indirect social benefits such as reducing the health and environmental impacts associated with the use of fossil and nuclear fuels, thereby improving standard of living, educational opportunities, creating jo...
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Study on Ultra Shallow Junction n-MOS with 350°C Microwave Annealing for Activation of Phosphorus Dopants in Germanium
Tzu-Lang Shih,
Wen-Hsi Lee
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
7-12
Received:
1 March 2017
Published:
3 March 2017
Abstract: In this study, low-energy microwave annealing is used to fabricate ultra-shallow junctions for less than 20 nm IC node applications in a potential material: Germanium (Ge). Germanium is a new promising material and might replace silicon in the future. A novel microwave annealing technique with two steps for the solid phase epitaxial recrystallization (SPER) and phosphorus dopants activation was applied to Germanium. The purpose of the first step, microwave annealing of 1.2 kW for 75 s, is to re-grow the amorphous layer and repair the destroyed crystal lattices caused by ion implantation. In the second-step of annealing, low-energy microwave, 0.9 kW (≈350°C) for 300 s, is used to activate the phosphorus dopants effectively without diffusion and de-activation. The target dopant activation concentration level will achieve 1020 cm-3. The sheet resistance will decrease to 78 ohm/sq. The low resistance after activating is reflected to the performance of the n-MOS device fabricated by the Ge substrate. The S. S. factor is 900 mV/dec, and the Ion/off ratio rise to 2.6×101. This has demonstrated that the two-step MWA has excellent control, significantly regarding leakage current.
Abstract: In this study, low-energy microwave annealing is used to fabricate ultra-shallow junctions for less than 20 nm IC node applications in a potential material: Germanium (Ge). Germanium is a new promising material and might replace silicon in the future. A novel microwave annealing technique with two steps for the solid phase epitaxial recrystallizati...
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Novel Types of AC Motors and Drives for Electrical and Hybrid Vehicles
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
13-22
Received:
13 March 2017
Published:
15 March 2017
Abstract: The study of AC inverter drives in the case when the number of their phases is more than four allows to find out some basic laws of these systems which does not manifest themselves when the phase number is equal to three or four. Two previously unknown laws of energy efficiency invariance are established in the field of multiphase (i.e. having the number of phases more than four) AC inverter drives. These laws ignoring leads necessarily to the decrease of the multiphase drive system energy efficiency.
Abstract: The study of AC inverter drives in the case when the number of their phases is more than four allows to find out some basic laws of these systems which does not manifest themselves when the phase number is equal to three or four. Two previously unknown laws of energy efficiency invariance are established in the field of multiphase (i.e. having the ...
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An Empirical Study on the Impact of Labor Transfer on Rural Household Electricity Consumption
Wang Ping,
Liu Jiao,
Yang Changhong,
Zheng Yanan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
23-28
Received:
16 January 2017
Accepted:
31 January 2017
Published:
15 March 2017
Abstract: The larger environment of China's rapid economic development and rising living standards of farmers, labor force is becoming more significant, significant changes in rural household electricity consumption occurred. Based in rural areas in Shaanxi Province "Labor Transfer and Rural Energy Survey" data combined with the actual situation in rural areas, a detailed analysis of Labor Migration on electricity consumption in rural households. The study found the number of rural labor transfer significantly improves the household electricity consumption; the number of the total number of labor force the proportion of household significantly reduces the power consumption of rural households. It concludes with recommendations to improve the efficiency of farmers' income and power as well as the development of new rural construction.
Abstract: The larger environment of China's rapid economic development and rising living standards of farmers, labor force is becoming more significant, significant changes in rural household electricity consumption occurred. Based in rural areas in Shaanxi Province "Labor Transfer and Rural Energy Survey" data combined with the actual situation in rural are...
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