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Risk Management Methods Applied to Renewable and Sustainable Energy: A Review
Lee Cheuk Wing,
Zhong Jin
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
1-12
Received:
5 August 2014
Accepted:
17 September 2014
Published:
17 October 2014
Abstract: Renewable energy policy has always been recognized as a major incentive to the growth of renewable energy and market. In particular, in the last decade, renewable energy sources are considerably increased due to the supportive renewable energy policy worldwide. Policymakers keep on updating and revising policies in response to market changes and advances in technologies. At the same time, policymakers have shifted their perspectives from cost and benefit to risk and return so as to align with investors’ perspectives. As a result, risk management has to be kept accordance with the changing policy of renewable energy. The dynamic process is important to make certain that major risks are not unattended and managed. The intent of the research is to provide stakeholders in renewable energy projects, including policymakers, financiers, developers and risk management instrument providers, a thorough review of risk management of renewable energy policy and to better define those risks so that they can be adequately mitigated to attract future investment. Five major risks which include market, credit, operational, liquidity and political risks associated with renewable energy developments and markets have been identified. Particularly, renewable energy policy risk is investigated and commonly used risk management tools are reviewed and proposed to address the associated risks and uncertainties faced by financers, developers and investors. It is also intended to setup a place for stakeholders to start, either when they want to replicate current, or are trying to develop new, workable risk management measures for renewable energy policy.
Abstract: Renewable energy policy has always been recognized as a major incentive to the growth of renewable energy and market. In particular, in the last decade, renewable energy sources are considerably increased due to the supportive renewable energy policy worldwide. Policymakers keep on updating and revising policies in response to market changes and ad...
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Open-Loop Voltage Control Voltage Source Inverter for a Linear Load & Non-Linear Load
Akhilesh Sharma,
Neeraj Kumar,
Gunjan Gupta
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
13-21
Received:
23 August 2014
Accepted:
24 September 2014
Published:
17 October 2014
Abstract: The conventional sources of energy are limited which are unable to meet the demand. There is always need of generation of electrical energy worldwide, may be in terms of few kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts. The power requirement at the domestic level is terms of few kilowatts so there should be a way to meet the electrical demand at domestic level during load shading or fault. A subtitle to this could be a Voltage controlled voltage source inverters (VCVSIs). Now a day, such inverters are widely used in many applications like power supplies, power quality controllers, renewable energy, marine and military to meet the demand. Wherever an ac supply is need from a DC source, such inverters may be used. They are the heart and soul of converting DC into an ac source. Hence, such inverters should be designed so that they are robust and efficient. Inverter models can be design and simulated with software like Matlab Simulink to check suitability of inverter before implementing the hardware. Loads at the domestic level may be linear or non- linear hence a simple approach to design a voltage source inverter using open loop is presented in this paper.
Abstract: The conventional sources of energy are limited which are unable to meet the demand. There is always need of generation of electrical energy worldwide, may be in terms of few kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts. The power requirement at the domestic level is terms of few kilowatts so there should be a way to meet the electrical demand at domestic lev...
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Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controls of a PMSM: A Comparative Study
Nourdine Bounasla,
Kamel Eddine Hemsas,
Hacene Mellah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
22-26
Received:
30 December 2014
Accepted:
4 January 2015
Published:
5 February 2015
Abstract: Permanent magnet Synchronous machines (PMSM) provide high efficiency, compact size, robustness, lightweight, and low noise; these features qualify them as the best suitable machine for medical applications. Without forgetting its simple structure, high thrust, ease of maintenance, and controller feedback, make it possible to take the place of steam catapults in the future. This paper presents the synergetic control approach for PMSM. Synergetic control theory is purely analytical and is based on nonlinear models, provide asymptotic stability. This approach allows to reduce the chattering phenomenon. To verify the performance characteristics of this approach, we compare it with sliding mode. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Abstract: Permanent magnet Synchronous machines (PMSM) provide high efficiency, compact size, robustness, lightweight, and low noise; these features qualify them as the best suitable machine for medical applications. Without forgetting its simple structure, high thrust, ease of maintenance, and controller feedback, make it possible to take the place of steam...
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