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Embedded Software Optimization for Computation - Intensive Applications
Amitkumar Mistry,
Rahul Kher
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
42-46
Received:
20 April 2020
Accepted:
9 May 2020
Published:
27 May 2020
Abstract: Optimization metrics for compiled code are not always measured in execution clock cycles on the target architecture. Modern cellular telephone or wireless devices, which may download executables over a wireless network connection or backhaul infrastructure, it is often advantageous for the compiler to reduce the size of the compiled code that must be downloaded to the wireless device. By reducing the size of the code, savings are achieved in terms of bandwidth required for each wireless point of download. These are metrics correlated to the dynamic run-time behaviour of not only the compiled code on the target processor, but also the underlying memory system, caches, DRAM, and buses, etc. Despite new generation of embedded systems are getting innovative and computationally powerful with upcoming embedded processors, the market demands more computational-intensive embedded software to be developed on embedded systems. It is very essential to implement efficient embedded software to meet the market demand of embedded systems. These embedded systems are special-purpose computing systems and built to perform very specific embedded applications. And, these embedded applications mainly use three key resources of embedded systems: (1) CPU (2) Run-time memory (3) Persistent memory i.e. NAND/NOR flash memory. This paper summarizes several effective embedded software optimization techniques to optimize CPU usage, Run-time memory, and Persistent memory.
Abstract: Optimization metrics for compiled code are not always measured in execution clock cycles on the target architecture. Modern cellular telephone or wireless devices, which may download executables over a wireless network connection or backhaul infrastructure, it is often advantageous for the compiler to reduce the size of the compiled code that must ...
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Power System Stability Improvement of Ghana’s Generation and Transmission System Using FACTS Devices
Lawrence Aikins,
Christian Kwaku Amuzuvi
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
47-63
Received:
5 May 2020
Accepted:
9 June 2020
Published:
20 June 2020
Abstract: Power system stability is a major challenge in the secured operation of today’s interconnected power systems. Voltage stability as a branch of power system stability, is a major problem facing power systems in Ghana. The power system is subjected to major blackouts or collapses due to voltage instability. It is manifested by several distinguishing features: low system voltage profiles, heavy reactive line flows, inadequate reactive support, and heavily loaded power systems. Voltage stability depends on the ability of a power system to maintain acceptable voltage for system buses under normal conditions, and system disturbances. This paper evaluates the steady-state voltage stability of the power system through modelling and simulation using the Power System Simulator for Engineering power system analysis software and the results validated with MATPOWER. Load flow simulations using the Newton Raphson method under steady-state base load condition with and without contingencies were done. Simulation results revealed under normal, and contingency cases show the power system has voltage profile, that violates the voltage stability constraint of between 0.95 pu and 1.05 pu for normal system voltage, high transmission system losses and heavy congestion. The Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices was used to improve the power system stability. Three types of FACTS devices: SVC, STATCOM, and TCSC are selected and optimally placed in the power system to improve voltage stability. Generic algorithm as artificial intelligence-based method was used in MATLAB environment to optimally size and locate five (5) FACTS devices; one (1) STATCOM and four (4) SVC in the power system. The algorithm was found to be reliable as it yielded good results by the improvement in voltage stability and decreasing the transmission line active and reactive power losses significantly.
Abstract: Power system stability is a major challenge in the secured operation of today’s interconnected power systems. Voltage stability as a branch of power system stability, is a major problem facing power systems in Ghana. The power system is subjected to major blackouts or collapses due to voltage instability. It is manifested by several distinguishing ...
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A Comprehensive Survey on Use of Soft Computing and Optimization Techniques for Load Frequency Control
Yogesh Prajapati,
Vithal Kamat,
Jatin Patel,
Rahul Kher
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
64-70
Received:
20 April 2020
Accepted:
27 May 2020
Published:
20 June 2020
Abstract: Load frequency control (LFC) is one of the most profitable ancillary services of power system market presently. The main goal of LFC is to reduce zero steady-state error for frequency deviations. In the present review paper of LFC problem, worldwide history of various types of controllers, control strategy, smart techniques and methodologies which are implemented and which can be implemented at generation, transmission and distribution areas of a power system. Moreover, ABT mechanism in India is implemented in 2002 to regulate grid frequency. Out of this in deregulated power system energy storage with the potential of different types of energy storage at distribution area in the power system has been highlighted. In a smart grid due to intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources (wind and solar), unpredictable daily and seasonal variations there may be an imbalance between supply and demand which results in deviations in the grid frequency. To eliminate the problem of LFC Electrical energy storage (EES) is technologies are listed. LFC problem with different soft computing techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Neural Network (NN), Fuzzy Logic (FG), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFP), Tabu Search Algorithm (TSA) has been carried out. This literature review will help the new researcher to give the guideline to work in the area of load frequency control.
Abstract: Load frequency control (LFC) is one of the most profitable ancillary services of power system market presently. The main goal of LFC is to reduce zero steady-state error for frequency deviations. In the present review paper of LFC problem, worldwide history of various types of controllers, control strategy, smart techniques and methodologies which ...
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